Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia

Anorexia Nervosa versus Bulimia Nervosa In today’s society numerous individuals are influenced by dietary issues and their savage symptoms. Two of the most widely recognized dietary issues, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are regularly mistaken for each other in light of the fact that they each offer a significant number of similar characteristics; nonetheless, each turmoil has its own unmistakable practices that make it very not the same as the other. Since each confusion is not kidding and can be fatal, it is significant for individuals to see every one independently so as to have the option to recognize each turmoil from the other. In correlation, both dietary problems include risky practices that the casualties of the clutters accept to either help in the loss of weight or forestall the put on of weight. The casualties of the two issue for the most part have poor mental self views and enthusiastic pressure that is frequently joined by sentiments of blame and misery. Another solid correlation with make among anorexia and bulimia is that therapists presently can't seem to see whether the reasons for the clutters are from hereditary qualities, the earth, or a mix of both hereditary and ecological components. Most speculations today infer that the two issue originate from a blend of hereditary variables, for example, synthetic lopsided characteristics in the nerve center or pituitary organ, and ecological components, for example, the estimation of thinness and the dismissal of weight. Another solid correlation is that the two issue are seen as considerably more typical among females than guys. Interestingly, the two dietary problems differ from one another in that each turmoil has its own unmistakable practices and practices where its casualties share. Practices for survivors of anorexia nervosa incorporate refusal to eat any sort of food and disavowal that their practices and undesirable appearance are uncommon. Practices for survivors of bulimia nervosa vary in that the casualties will gorge on amazingly enormous and unusual amounts of food and afterward cleanse, which is o... Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia Free Essays on Anorexia Vs. Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa versus Bulimia Nervosa In today’s society numerous individuals are influenced by dietary issues and their lethal reactions. Two of the most widely recognized dietary problems, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are regularly mistaken for each other in light of the fact that they each offer a large number of similar characteristics; nonetheless, each turmoil has its own particular practices that make it very unique in relation to the next. Since each confusion is not kidding and can be lethal, it is significant for individuals to see every one independently so as to have the option to recognize each turmoil from the other. In correlation, both dietary issues include risky practices that the casualties of the scatters accept to either help in the loss of weight or forestall the put on of weight. The casualties of the two issue for the most part have poor mental self views and enthusiastic pressure that is regularly joined by sentiments of blame and sadness. Another solid correlation with make among anorexia and bulimia is that therapists still can't seem to see whether the reasons for the disarranges are from hereditary qualities, nature, or a blend of both hereditary and ecological elements. Most speculations today reason that the two issue come from a mix of hereditary elements, for example, synthetic awkward nature in the nerve center or pituitary organ, and ecological elements, for example, the estimation of slimness and the dismissal of corpulence. Another solid examination is that the two issue are seen as significantly more typical among females than guys. Conversely, the two dietary issues change from one another in that each confusion has its own particular practices and practices where its casualties share. Practices for survivors of anorexia nervosa incorporate refusal to eat any sort of food and forswearing that their practices and undesirable appearance are uncommon. Practices for casualties of bulimia nervosa contrast in that the casualties will gorge on unbelievably huge and anomalous amounts of food and afterward cleanse, which is o...

Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Talk from Homer to Augustine - Essay Example Antique development contributed a great deal to our cutting edge science and established framework of present day logical originations of the world inside and outside of us. Talk is only one purpose of antiquated legacy. Talk from Homer to Augustine experienced the period of its beginning and turning out to be when fundament of this workmanship was laid. 2. Talk in Greece was one of the three human sciences. So it was a significant craftsmanship. In Homer days talk was not generally grown at this point, yet it is conceivable to express that Homer's commitment to talk is self-evident. His epic sonnets Iliad and Odyssey were brimming with wonderful exchanges, argumentations and word practices for accomplishing various objectives. His verse affected further idyllic and talk advancement in Greece. In any case, in fifth century B. C. talk got known for wide individuals through skeptics. They thought individuals ability of argumentation. Critics' work was esteemed somewhat high as they helped individuals to safeguard their own advantages, not in every case reasonable. So this type of instructing before long declined. Plato's instructing was another critical advance to talk improvement. He was an adversary for the skeptics. ... Aristotle built up Plato's thoughts and went further. He presented talk as an arrangement of specific aptitudes vital for a speaker. It was the following stage of talk improvement. Aristotle recognized three primary components of logical craftsmanship: character of a speaker, his feelings and his language. It is critical to feel the character of the crowd, its structure - it will assist with picking right methods of effect on it. Speaker's character and feelings must be coordinated to the objectives of the discourse - his discourse must be inwardly shaded, brilliant and address everyone's hearts and emotions. The decision of suitable language is likewise significant. It thusly relies upon the crowd structure and objectives to be accomplished. So Aristotle's framework impacted talk without question and arranged rich ground for its further ascent and development.3. Talk in Ancient Rome took much from that of Greece, yet there were its own highlights. The principle figures of Roman talk were Cicero and Quintilian. Cicero was one of the most splendid speakers of the antiquated world. His talks were brimming with articulation, his effect on the crowd was incredible, his persuasive strategies were highly imitated in his days and by later speakers. Cicero's takes a shot at talk were impacted this craftsmanship in Rome and for additional talk improvement when all is said in done. Quintilian's treatise Foundations of Oratory was the following stage of logical aptitudes systematization. He expounded on five primary expository standards. These are: improvement of a contention; its game plan and association for accomplishing a fitting impact; meaning of the discourse style for a decided crowd; discourse conveyance strategies; speaker's memory expected to remember all components of the discourse. Quintilian's

US History Regents Essay Topics - Writing Essays With Themes

US History Regents Essay Topics - Writing Essays With ThemesUS History Regents Essay Topics has a number of approaches and methods that are used in determining the success of your US History Regents Essay. Some of the essay topics of this subject matter include: The Regents: The origins of the US government, the type of impact the Regents had on the evolution of the American way of life and any concerns that the Regents may have on future society. Education and Freedom: The role of education and the educational system in shaping the future of the country and the future of the Regents.America's Inventions: Inventions that have been created by US citizens or were made by American citizens have an impact on the American way of life and the role of education in shaping the future of the country. Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness: How and why does education and freedom impact the future of the country? To be able to make better choices in life. Home Ruling, Resistance and Dissent : The Regents as a means of achieving a democratic governance system.Themes of US History Regents Essay Topics are in place for you to utilize. Themes are a major part of how the readers look at your essay. A theme is the backbone of a particular essay topic.One of the major themes of US History Regents Essay Topics is Liberty, a foundational aspect of our nation. A theme is a central area that sets a focus and that serves as the starting point for your argument. Themes are major elements of your argument that define your essay.Another major component of US History Regents Essay Topics is Democracy, a foundation element of a functioning free nation. A theme is a central element in your argument. A theme is an important and effective strategy that can determine the success of your essay.Finally, one of the US History Regents Essay Topics is that of resistance, a means of achieving a democratic governance system. A theme is a focal point that can be used as a basis for your entire arg ument. Themes are major elements of your argument that define your essay.In essence, when writing US History Regents Essay Topics, you are trying to define the themes of the country you want to write about and then using those themes to create a solid argument. Make sure that you are clear on the subject matter of your essay. Consider a few topics that will influence your essay and write about them.

Social Conformity and Persuasion in Religion Essay

The Influence of conformity on society through religionmore by John Chaaya 2,137 Download (.doc) The Influence of conformity on society in religion Religion has influenced societies on an epic scale for millennia. Even the mostprimitive people on the planet created gods to worship and use their teachings toform the basis of their society going back as far as the Paleolithic period wheremother earth was worshiped as a goddess. Through time people have stayedtrue to a belief or a religion. Individuals can seldom be without a society or faction. Conforming to a religion provides strengths in society and provides moralguidance as well as strong communities. Conformance is defined as a voluntaryimitation which regulates the behavior†¦show more content†¦The commandments are available in almostevery religion in some shape or form. Welch et al. (2006) found practicingChristians were less likely to commit crimes due to either religiosity or self controlbut that both operated independently. Therefore it could be concluded that in partboth impact the individuals morally. Stark (1984) also backs Welch et al.’sfindings, wher e there was a negative correlation between church rates and crime.Therefore conforming to a religion does help society.Opposer: It may be the case that conforming to religious beliefs may decreasecrime but any deviance from some religious institutions may allow for that personto be cast out. In Islam for example if a female has sex out of wedlock she could 1 be stoned to death, as is the case of the 20 year old woman in 2009 (BBC), or inlesser extremes be banished. Homosexuality in religion is still shunned and insome states in America, homosexuals have been refused the right to have a civilmarriage to be accepted federally even if some states allow marriage (Jimenez,2006).Proposer: It is agreed that deviance can lead to punishment or being shunnedbut that could be due to manipulation of scripture or negative interpretations toallow certain actions. 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Sociocultural Issues, Culture, Race, And Sexuality

Introduction In the assignment, I will give an imaginary case study of a counselling client with issues relating to fear and sadness and contemplate how their problems discover in their life. The case study will clearly focus on sociocultural issues, such as race, culture, gender and sexuality. It will look at how convenient it can be to accept how important sociocultural issues can be when considering individual suffering. The main focus this assignment will be weight up with regards to sociocultural issues will be, culture, race and sexuality. The counselling approach being used will be person centred therapy. The case study is based on 27 year old woman who is black and gay. She has anxiety around men which is the outcome of an intimidating, abusive grandfather who raised her. Case study Ada is a black 27 year old woman from the Nigeria, Africa currently living in London. She moved to London when she was 19 with her then boyfriend for a job he had been offered. 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Atherley furniture company free essay sample

John Atherley is the owner of Atherley Furniture Company located near Orillia, Ontario. In recent years the progression of his chair division has had mediocre results and profits have been declining steadily each year. From the years 1995 to 1998 Atherley Furniture’s total profits have suffered a 24% loss within that time span. In the company’s chair division there are three models of chairs that have quite the reputation the â€Å"Caledonia†, â€Å"Atherley†, and lastly the â€Å"Parkdale†. Growing concern for the company’s performance led the executive team to analyze income statements for each model to determine the attributed expenses and revenues. With a decline in profits for the Atherley Company, it is crucial that they manage their chair line properly in order to increase profits and reduce costs and expenses. Problem Statement and Objectives Problem: How to achieve a more assertive sales growth to provide an increase in profitability as well as how to improve management of chair division for better success. We will write a custom essay sample on Atherley furniture company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Objective: Upgrade manufacturing equipment and expand the company to keep up with the strong demand for the â€Å"Caledonia† and â€Å"Atherley† models. Objective: To manage chair division focus on the strengths of their bestselling model the â€Å"Caledonia†. Objective: Work on properly controlling cost-management for the â€Å"Atherley† model by cutting expenses and improving efficiency to increase profits. Objective: Completely remove the â€Å"Parkdale† model from the product line as its profits have been decreasing more and more each year. Objective: Focus more on manufacturing â€Å"Caledonia† models in order to remove backorder and provide retailers the chairs without having them wait weeks. Situational Analysis Atherley Furniture Company belongs to the furniture manufacturing industry, which is very competitive but desirable. Atherley is established and well known but has been losing sales for the past three years. There are many opportunities for success and Atherley can benefit from changing its current strategy to modernize its chairs and manufacturing practices. Porters Five Forces The company is in the manufacturing industry of furniture products. Buyers Power-The buyers are retail and department stores that carry chairs and furniture. They have high buying power because of their ability to purchase products from other manufacturers. Suppliers Power- Suppliers are raw material providers that supply wood, metal screws and fittings, and plastic. The raw materials are identical and there really is no differentiation so there are many suppliers willing to work with Atherley. Supplier power depends on the size of the suppliers, large suppliers exert power on Atherley while small suppliers have limited bargaining power. Substitutes- Substitutes would be cushions, bean bags, bolsters, pillows, pads and even the plain floor depending on the cultural background. Potential Entrants- Potential entrants would be already well-established furniture retail stores (backward integration) as well as new entrants looking to set up manufacturing plants and foreign companies. There is a moderate to low level of threat, as it would require a large capital investment and good customer and supplier relations that many foreign and existing companies may have. Industry Competition- The industry is very competitive with manufacturing companies both foreign and domestic as well retail stores who also manufacture themselves such as IKEA; there would be a high level of competition for products, which are not differentiated where as a moderate level for products that are differentiated. Conclusion- This is would be a fairly unattractive industry to be in as there is a moderate to high level of threat from potential entrants and industry completion, although there is low substitute threat and low to moderate level of buyers power there is high level of suppliers power PEST Political- the main issues could be foreign competition legislations and environmental concerns like tariffs or import taxes, safety laws and manufacturing practices that are governed by the government. Economic- The value of Canadian dollar as well the economic condition of the market, if inflation is rising buyers might postpone purchases of expensive chairs and buy cheaper options. Social- the effects on the environment for manufacturing furniture products e. g. spillage concerns, deforestation etc. Online shopping is taking over so buyers can now compare prices and order online which makes it very hard to increase prices Technological- Modern manufacturing techniques like robotic equipment can prove to be much more efficient than traditional methods. However it is expensive at $250,000. Strengths Well-established and enjoys a good reputation and good relationships with its retailers. A respectable name in the industry is very important when it comes to standing out from the competition and contracting with different retailers. Highly skilled, loyal workers that provide steady employment throughout the year. Employees are the foundation of this firm and keeping them happy and loyal lowers the chances of disputes and improves production and efficiency. Manufactures three different types of chairs. Diversity is an essential key to success in the business world and Atherley manufactures three distinctive models of chairs targeting different buyers, which spreads the risk since profitability for one model can offset the loss of another. Atherley diversifies its productions methods depending on the model; some models are labour intensive while others are produced using machinery and equipment. This strategy reduces risks that accompany labour intensive methods, which rely wholly on machinery and equipment. Weaknesses Artherleys â€Å"Parkdale† model is outdated and not in demand as before causing loss in sales and higher inventory levels. If this situation continues then the Parkdale model must be eliminated because manufacturing it means putting resources to waste and losing potential profit from more successful models. Management cannot invest in equipment and expansion because of the heavy debt load and diminishing profits. Inability to advance in technology will lower Atherley’s competitiveness and market share in the industry. Overall sales income and net profits in the chair department decreased during the past three years and may continue to do so in future years. The main objective of a business is to make money but apparently the chair division is becoming unprofitable and posing a threat to the overall success of the company, a major change must happen to reverse the current situation. Inability to match customer demand for the â€Å"Caledonia† model may cause customers to purchase from competitors. Most customers can not wait for the â€Å"Caledonia† model to be delivered and are not willing to wait if they can buy a similar product immediately from other companies, this will severely affect sales of not only the â€Å"Caledonia† model but of other models and products since customers often buy matching furniture. Opportunities Modify the â€Å"Parkdale† model to meet evolving consumer preferences and taste. With a few changes here and there the â€Å"Parkdale† model may prove to be successful if buyers demands are kept in mind. Discontinue the â€Å"Parkdale† model to avoid further losses and use the resources to produce the other successful models. This is an excellent opportunity to not only lower expenses but also to use resources and labour for their other models or innovate a new design altogether. Several furniture manufacturers closed down and that provided an opportunity for Atherley to increase its customer base. Threats Market share and customer base is threatened in a competitive industry such as furniture manufacture, which is abundant in foreign and domestic varieties. Atherley cannot price it’s products the way it wants since this is a very competitive industry the market is flooded with furniture it should price its products according to demand and supply and focus on becoming more efficient to lower costs. Consumer buying preferences and taste are evolving rapidly to the point that models are no longer in demand and need to be replaced. Different generations acquire different buying preferences and Atherley must rapidly adapt to these changes or risk losing potential sales. Identification of Alternatives 1. Modify wood forming machines so they are compatible with the Atherley as well 2. Discontinue production of the Parkdale and Atherley models 3. Discontinue production of the Parkdale model and purchase an additional wood forming machine Analysis of Alternatives Modify wood forming machines so they are compatible with the Atherley as well Approximate cost: $50,000 Pros: The above average amount of labour required for the Atherley would be greatly reduced More units produced in less time Variable cost/unit would be reduced Cons: Additional cost of $50,000 Less time on the machine for the production of the Caledonia Lowered unit production of the Caledonia which is the best performing and most profitable model Discontinue production of the Parkdale and Atherley models Approximate cost: None Pros: Save fixed and variable costs related to the production of the two underperforming models Employees and equipment can be focused completely on the very profitable Caledonia No need to retain skilled upholsterers or pay them extra No more disparity among workers in terms of wages and they won’t feel as if they being mistreated Cons: Completely depended on the success/failure of the Caledonia Caledonia has only been around a few years, and if this design turns out to be a fad, the company will sink as the demand diminishes over the years Giving up the Atherley without trying to fix any of the issues at this stage may be a bit premature Discontinue production of the Parkdale model and purchase an additional modified wood forming machine Approximate cost: $250,000 for Equipment + $50,000 for modification = $300,000 Pros: The above average amount of labour required for the Atherley would be greatly reduced Backorders and delayed delivery times for the Caledonia would be greatly reduced or eliminated Greater production efficiency Variable cost/unit would be reduced Save fixed and variable costs related to the production of Parkdale No need to retain skilled upholsterers or pay them extra No more disparity in wages among workers Company would focus solely on the 2 profit making models Cons: Additional cost of $300,000 A lot of financial pressure on a company that is already struggling in that department If the Parkdale style of chairs were to rebound in popularity the company would miss out of sales Recommendations: We recommend Atherley Furniture Company to discontinue production of the Parkdale model and purchase an additional modified wood-forming machine. This alternative was chosen despite the steep initial costs because the elimination of the costs associated with the Parkdale and the reduced variable costs of the other 2 models. As a result, the new machine would allow the company to recoup the initial investment of $300,000 in the first few years. This alternative despite having seemingly the highest financial risk, does not have all the other downsides like being completely dependent on one product or taking valuable equipment time from the best performing model and thus reducing output. This alternative not only allows the â€Å"Atherley† model to be made more efficiently but also will help in fulfilling all the orders for the â€Å"Caledonia† as they both use the same machine just with some added modifications. When it comes to implementation there may be a few issues in financing the purchase of the new wood forming machine and modifying it, but that cost can be taken out of the now eliminated â€Å"Parkdale† budget. Last year the company had invested $910,000 in materials and labour alone for the â€Å"Parkdale†, and was left with a $50,000 loss at the end of the year. Without the need to invest in â€Å"Parkdale† there should be enough cash to invest in the new equipment instead. Porters Five Forces The company is in the manufacturing industry of furniture products. Buyers Power-The buyers are retail stores as well as retailers, large retail stores would have higher power due to size where as small retailers would have less power in terms of size. Suppliers Power- the suppliers are raw material providers, they would have a moderate to high level of power according to the size or if they supply certain differentiated material. Substitutes- Substitutes would be decorations such as curtains or paintings; this would have a small level of threat as it is hard to find an exact substitute for furniture. Potential Entrants- Potential entrants would be already well-established furniture retail stores (backward integration) as well as new entrants looking to set up manufacturing plants and foreign companies. There is a moderate level of threat, as it would require a large capital investment and good customer and supplier relations that many foreign and existing companies may have. Industry Competition- The competition would be from other manufacturing companies both foreign and domestic as well retail stores who also manufacture themselves such as IKEA; there would be a high level of competition for products, which are not differentiated where as a moderate level for products that are differentiated. Conclusion- This is would be a fairly unattractive industry to be in as there is a moderate to high level of threat from potential entrants and industry completion, although there is low substitute threat and low to moderate level of buyers power there is high level of suppliers power PEST Political- the main issues could be foreign competition legislations and environmental concerns Economic- The value of Canadian dollar as well the economic condition of the market. Social- the effects on the environment for manufacturing furniture products e. g. spillage concerns, deforestation etc. Technological- Modern manufacturing techniques requiring certain type of equipment and machines.

Personal Digital Assistant

Introduction The cellular phone technology has evolved tremendously compared to the old phone technology. It is however important to acknowledge the significant role the old cell phone technology has played as it has been the basis for the development of the new technology.In 1886, a Canadian named Reginald Fessenden together with Thomas Edison invented wireless communication that used radio waves for transmission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Digital Assistant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their first successful audio transmission was established in December 23, 1900 and the transmissions only covered a radius of 1.6 kilometers. The end of World War 2 in 1945 marked the beginning of the cell phone era. The cell phones were highly effective and could cover a large area because they were operated from cell phone base stations. The laboratory technicians at ATT Company helped to make the first cells for cell phone base stations. In 1966, the first Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) was developed by Gene Roddenberry. The innovation meant a change from paper and pencils to a more sophisticated digital processing on portable electronic tablets. The electronic tablets were sizeable and used pen based input. The idea was a major milestone as far as technology was concerned in those days because it meant a relief from paper work. Many companies including Apple, IBM, Hewlett Packard, Motorola, the GO Corporation, EO Inc and Momenta started to produce PDAs in the 1990s and analysts predicted huge sales. The move was necessitated by the fact that the PDA user interface was supported by advanced software like modems, handwriting recognition, power and memory applications. PDA companies The PDA technology turned out to be a short lived venture. After a successful invention of the PDA that had earlier been seen as successful, operational shortcomings saw the need for better inventions that w ould address customers’ needs satisfactorily. The companies did not know the features that customers wanted integrated into new technological innovations and the extent to which the customers were willing to pay for them. This development was probably because they did not have a clear definition of the kind of market they wanted to serve. Even after launching their products, the PDA companies did not use customer feedback to rectify the problems that emerged. The PDA developers used technology whose market trends were not effectively researched. The handwriting recognition software, for instance, was only 95% accurate.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The power of the processor, the lifespan of the battery and the memory that was required to enhance the PDA performance were not well developed. This idea meant that the earlier use of pencil and paper could have been more a ccurate and reliable than the PDA but reverting back to the pencil and paper would not have been a proper alternative. The PDA companies did not have efficient supply and distribution channels and appropriate suppliers and distributors. The said challenges led to lack of market awareness about the basic functions of the pen-based PDAs. Lack of proper promotion led to confusion in the market about the exact users intended for those gadgets. The other reason that led to the collapse of the PDA companies was because the profits they made could not sustain the higher research and development costs, the expenses of developing supply and distribution channels and the cost of marketing. Only a small portion of the market bought their accessories and hence their use was not widespread. How the PDA companies could have avoided failure The PDA companies should have developed innovations with accurate and efficiently researched complementary technologies like the handwriting recognition softwa re. The device memories and batteries of their gadgets should have been designed to hold larger amounts of data and their life spans should have been improved. These inventions would have influenced optimal acceptance of the PDA gadgets by the customers. Secondly, these companies should have used adequate advertisements to accelerate market growth. Adequate resources would have enabled them invest in aggressive promotions and marketing. Finally, the companies should have researched on the preferences of their customers and used public relations effectively to boost their understanding of the technological device and the role it would have played in the lives of their clients. Palm Company was successful in implementing the said recommendations though for a short period of time. The technology business for Palm Company later collapsed. The collapse was occasioned by Palm’s late entry into the market after most of the other PDA companies had failed. The technology that Palm ado pted was simple and the clients would have embraced it compared to that of the earlier PDAs. That fact coupled with its low price made it easily accessible and users found it reliable because it was fast.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Digital Assistant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rate of Palm’s sales was accelerated and the success meant that it did not have to use huge amounts of resources to sustain itself because of the adequate profit it got. Palm had addressed what users wanted which was a fast processor with easy to use technology. The late entry of the smart phone into the market by the Apple Company did not have adverse consequences on its sales. Apple’s sales were enhanced by the fact that it came up with a more advanced and user friendly technology. Apple had researched widely and was certain on the needs of the market owing to the shortcomings of the other smart phone s. It came up with the â€Å"touch screen† which was different from previous smart phones that used â€Å"key pads†. Customers realized that Apple was a great improvement over the other smart phones. Apple’s smart phone therefore had an instant acceptance in the market. Apple was also able to evade market failure initially because of the high sales that helped it increase its profits. The reputation of Apple made it easy for the brand to capture the market trends fast. The profits accrued from the smart phones’ sales today are always increasing as new technology replaces the old one because the phones are continually being improved. At the end of the year 2007, the smart phones’ sales had reached $39 billion and are expected to increase to $65 billion by the end of 2013. The increment will be equal to 16% which will be quite significant. The industry is however not likely to use a single operating system to be the dominant design because all the op erating systems will be competing on one platform. The phone industry will come up with many innovations that will eventually overuse the operating system and in the end; the clients will not realize any tangible value from the system. The need for new innovation has continued to be the core driver of the cellular phones’ market. This fact has been promoted further by the inventions of multiple operating systems that are either open or close sourced. To ensure that developers remain competitive in the market, they have to constantly upgrade their software to fulfill the ever increasing clients’ needs.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Personal Digital Assistant was written and submitted by user Anabella Raymond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Plan a Traditional Chinese Wedding

How to Plan a Traditional Chinese Wedding While Chinese weddings have become infused with Western wedding traditions, most Chinese weddings maintain some traditional cultural elements. Do you want to know how to plan a traditional Chinese wedding? From the engagement to the ceremony, heres what you should know. 1. Plan the Perfect Engagement As in Western culture, before a wedding, there must first be an engagement. In the past, most Chinese families relied on arranged marriages, but today, the majority of couples find their own match and marry for love. However, some elements of a traditional Chinese  wedding engagement remain intact. For example, the grooms family will typically send a betrothal gift to the brides family, which typically includes food and cakes. These gifts help seal the engagement. In addition to betrothal gifts, both the bride and grooms family will consult a fortune teller whose role is to help the family determine if the couple is compatible for marriage. The fortune teller will use various things such as names, birth dates, and time of birth to analyze compatibility. If all goes well, the couple will set a date for their marriage. 2. Choose the Right Dress For many Chinese women, picking the perfect wedding gown actually means picking three dresses. The typical traditional dress is called a qipao, which has been worn in China since the 17th century. Most women will wear one red qipao, a white Western-style gown, and a third ball gown throughout the night. The dresses are changed throughout the reception after courses are served. Some brides will even opt for a fourth dress, which they wear as they are saying their goodbyes as guests depart the wedding. 3. Invite Guests Traditional  Chinese wedding invitations are typically red and placed within a red envelope. Unlike the red envelopes used to give gifts of money, wedding invitation envelopes are typically wider and longer. The text is usually written in gold, which is a symbol of wealth in Chinese culture. Like in Western culture, the invitation features important information about the celebration. However, invitations are sometimes only mailed or hand presented several weeks or days before the wedding, as opposed to many months. The double happiness character, shuÄ ngxÇ Ã‚  (é›™åâ€"Å") is often written somewhere on the invitation. 4. Choose Decor Decorations at a typical Chinese wedding are usually provided by the reception venue. The Chinese character for happiness is often hung upside down as a symbol for the arrival of happiness. In addition to Chinese symbols, decor may include lights, candles, and flowers similar to those youd find at a typical Western wedding. Venues will often have a stage where the bridge and groom stands before the reception begins and while toasts are being made. Guests are not invited to the exchanging of vows, so the reception is the first time they see the couple.

A History of Greek Festivals

Together these festivals made up the ‘periodos’ [ 1 ] which was extremely important in furthering the dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points and between Greeks and non-Greeks. The competition between those take parting and the city states they were stand foring is an illustration of how those Pan-hellenic dealingss were developing. Other countries are how the direction of each of the festivals and who really attended these ‘Panhellenic’ festivals. The honor and glorification gained by the masters in each of the four Games was so great that the lone stuff awards straight received from the organizers were Crowns of assorted workss sacred to the Gods that the festivals were dedicated to. [ 2 ] This led to the term ‘periodonikes’ being created which was given to the jocks that had won competitions at all four Games and were considered to be the greatest jocks for this accomplishment. [ 3 ] This could propose that the competition between the jocks would be so ferocious that tensenesss would be created in dealingss between persons in add-on to the city states that they were stand foring. On the other manus it is deserving observing that Olympic masters were non above the jurisprudence in their place province as can be shown in the narrative of Philippos of Croton who was exiled after he became betrothed to a adult female from Sybaris even though he had been winning at the Olympic Games. [ 4 ] The memorials that were bui lt by the city states shows the committedness they had to guaranting the remainder of the Greek universe could retrieve their triumphs for many old ages to come. Not merely were the memorials dedicated to athletic triumphs but the sanctuaries where the four Panhellenic Games were held besides contained memorials honoring military triumphs over other city states. [ 5 ] This suggests the metropoliss were non interested in whether their oppositions were offended and hence strains in the dealingss between them due to the struggles the memorials were mentioning to would go on. Shortly after the creative activity of the four Panhellenic festivals in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC Athens began reorganizing their Panathenaia festival in order for it to include athletic tourneies in add-on to the musical and ecstatic competitions that had been held at that place. [ 6 ] Consequently the Panathenaic festival became more important within the athletic universe yet it was ne’er regarded every bit extremely as the four Panhellenic festivals that made up the ‘periodos’ which can be seen through the usage of expensive stuff awards [ 7 ] as opposed to the Crown prizes masters took off at the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian and Nemean Games. This suggests the jocks would hold a focal point of winning the awards alternatively of the honor they received through their triumphs. Consequently, the city states they represented would hold had less of an involvement in whether they won if the glorification of triumph was less than that in ‘periodos’ t riumphs and therefore dealingss between different city states would hold been more likely to be unchanged. The lone city state to truly profit from the revitalised Panathenaic festival would hold been Athens as they had the chance to advance their metropolis to visitants from beyond Attica yet it has been suggested that the Panathenaia was ne’er supposed to be Panhellenic and was alternatively supposed to back Athenian national pride which is why dealingss between Greeks remained unchanged. [ 8 ] The last race to be added to the programme of events at the Olympic Games in approximately 520 BC was the ‘hoplitodromos’ which involved jocks running in full armor. This peculiar race besides featured in the other Panhellenic Games which suggests the importance of such a race. Pausanias suggests the race could hold been designed to advance military preparation as contending wars was common in the Archaic Period and the menace of struggle with Iranian forces was increasing. [ 9 ] This ‘military training’ could hold besides been a manner for the city states to expose their military art and hence derive farther glorification from a military facet in add-on to the athletic facet. However Philostratus suggests as it was the last race of the competition that it symbolised the return to a militant nature after the ‘peaceful’ armistices that were established for the continuance of each of the Panhellenic festivals. [ 10 ] The armistices referred to above were designed to advance peace amongst the city states of Greece as it prohibited ground forcess to come in the countries around the sanctuaries where the festivals were held and ensured the safe transition of those go toing the festivals. [ 11 ] However as it may hold ensured peaceable dealingss for city states such as Elis it did non forestall wars from taking topographic point outside of these parts. However holding a armistice in topographic point meant people from all over the Grecian universe and beyond could garner in one topographic point and set up peaceable dealingss with others every bit good as keep them. As minister plenipotentiaries were sent out from the city states where the festivals were held in the months taking up to each of the Games to denote the beginning of them this was a method of advancing the Games whilst at the same clip advertising the city-states themselves and networking with the remainder of Greece as representatives f rom each metropolis would be chosen to have the minister plenipotentiary. [ 12 ] Harmonizing to Pausanias Pisa originally had control over the metropolis of Olympia and hence would hold governed the Olympic Games. However their â€Å"hostility† towards the Eleians caused a war which saw Elis conquer Pisa and claim the site of Olympia as theirs. [ 13 ] This combat over the ‘Panhellenic’ sanctuaries suggests metropoliss would be prepared to pay a war if it resulted in them having the honor that must hold come with bring forthing the most esteemed Games in this period. The existent disposal of the Olympic Games by the city state of Elis was by and large considered to be without prejudice. [ 14 ] The Judgess were Eleian and chosen by Elis and as a consequence it did pull some unfavorable judgment from foreigners such as Herodotus who describes the narrative of when citizens of Elis visit Egypt to inquire them their sentiment on whether the Games were being administered reasonably to which they reply they are non because Eleians themselves could co me in the competitions and therefore they would non be judged reasonably against people from different topographic points. [ 15 ] This suggests Herodotus is belittling the unity of those judging the competitions who had even named themselves as ‘Hellanodikai’ which means ‘judges of the Greeks’ . [ 16 ] It is possible that many other Greeks had this position and so it would hold the possible to make tensenesss within dealingss between those pull offing the festival and the foreigners who were take parting in it. However they may be some truth to these positions as Thomas Heine Nielsen states that Elis was the most successful province to vie in the Olympics with the bulk of triumphs in the boy’s competitions and the equestrian events although you would anticipate more entrants from Elis into these tourneies as they were closest to the Olympic sanctuary. [ 17 ] The history of the locations of the four Panhellenic festivals was important in pulling Greeks from afar as the city states that were bring forthing these Games relied on the fabulous importance of the sites. In add-on to holding sanctuaries dedicated to a major God and world-renowned prophets in topographic points like Delphi these city states managed to utilize outstanding fabulous figures such as Heracles as a method of advancing their festivals. At Olympia Heracles was traditionally the laminitis of the Olympic Games and his undertaking of get the better ofing the Nemean king of beasts was used for the Nemean Games. In Delphi it was thought that there was a battle between him and Apollo over a tripod which surface in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC. [ 18 ] Furthermore, the Isthmian Games were held in honor of Poseidon and as a consequence the Equus caballus races were the most of import portion of the festival at that place. [ 19 ] This mixture of major Gods and heroes from mytholo gy ensured the success of the Panhellenic festivals in add-on to developing the construct of Panhellenism as people from across the Grecian universe would hold identified with these myths which suggests dealingss between them would hold improved. Relationss besides had the possible to be fostered through the construction of the Pythian Games as forfeits and banquets were the lone events on the first two yearss of the five-day festival. This gave rivals and witnesss alike the â€Å"opportunity to socialize and advance sentiments of harmoniousness and community.† [ 20 ] An confederation of city states known as the Amphictyonic League were responsible for puting up the Pythian Games and the readyings for them every four old ages after they had been winning in the First Sacred War. [ 21 ] This is an illustration of Greeks from different topographic points working together and their desire to prolong the dealingss created by their engagement in the war. Producing a festival would hold besides promoted peace and community values which is shown by the Pythian armistice established during each festival. A important historical figure associated with taking the reorganization of the Pythian Games after the First Sacred War was the tyrant Cleisthenes of Sicyon. McGregor besides believes that Cleisthenes of Sicyon was linked with the other Panhellenic festivals every bit good. The narrative of Cleisthenes and his daughter’s suers at Olympia maintains the thought that the Olympic Games were truly a universe phase for powerful leaders to acquire their vo ices heard. However Cleisthenes seemingly favoured the suers from Eretria and its Alliess as they were Ionians and he was traditionally thought to be anti-Dorian. [ 22 ] This suggests divisions amongst those viing could be formed as a consequence of cultural differences and that dealingss could go labored between Greeks from different topographic points as a effect. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the Nemean Games were established by the less dominant city state of Cleonae in concurrence with Argos in resistance to Cleisthenes of Sicyon after Cleonae had secured their freedom from Sicyon. [ 23 ] If this is true so it is farther grounds of the Panhellenic Games being used to do tenseness between city states. On the topic of who was really allowed to vie in the four Panhellenic Games it seemed to be originally sole to the nobility and the wealthy as the funerary games in honor of Patroclus in the Iliad show blue Greeks from many different topographic points compete in the chariot race which was the chief event. Chariot races were preponderantly for the wealthiest as Equus caballuss were expensive and hard to develop which meant they could expose their wealth whilst set uping dealingss with Greeks from different topographic points. [ 24 ] On the other manus this suggests that the poorest in society would non hold competed in the Panhellenic festivals such as the Isthmian Games where the equestrian events were considered to be the most esteemed and so if they did take part it would be in inferior events where they could non derive as much glorification. The suggestion that poorer persons would non vie in the major four Panhellenic festivals is evidenced by the point that they would non hold had the clip for athletic preparation [ 25 ] or to go to the four sanctuaries where each of the four Games were held if they lived a long distance off. Furthermore there were local festivals and games they could hold competed in which would hold been much more practical [ 26 ] but if this was the instance for most Greeks so at that place would hold been less of a fosterage of dealingss between people from different topographic points if they were merely interacting with others from the same community. However by the 6Thursdaycentury BC other events were added to the Panhellenic Games which meant the poorer in society could take part [ 27 ] as they were athleticss that were practiced throughout the whole of the Grecian universe. [ 28 ] This implies that the festivals became more Pan-hellenic as more people from different topographic points would be more likely to come in the competitions. Bury suggests that autocrats were the cause for this alteration as they wanted to defend the common people in order to win their support. [ 29 ] However if this ground is true so Panhellenism would merely be a side-effect of the autocrats desiring to derive more power and keep their reign. In add-on to this the autocrats could besides be a beginning of tenseness within dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points as is shown from the illustration of Cleisthenes of Sicyon trying to put up his ain Pythian Games in Sicyon after the autumn of dictatorship in Corinth meant they had more i nfluence in Delphi. [ 30 ] Relations between Corinth and Elis were besides strained in this period because of Olympia’s refusal to wipe out the names of the Cypselidae from some offerings which resulted in no Eleians being allowed to vie in the Isthmian Games and hence they were non able to derive the extremely esteemed ‘periodonikes’ rubric that athletes longed for. This is an illustration of a city-state utilizing its authorization over one of the Panhellenic festivals to demo their resistance to another city state which would hold had a well negative consequence on dealingss. In contrast Pausanias suggests that it was the â€Å"curses of Moline† that kept the Eleians off from the Isthmian Games. [ 31 ] Officially all free Grecian males were permitted to vie in the Olympic Games but this meant â€Å"females, non-Greeks and slaves were excluded from direct participation.† [ 32 ] However the Judgess make up one’s minding who could come in the competitions must hold been moderately flexible with the regulations as there is no record of person being refused entry on the evidences of their cultural individuality. [ 33 ] As a consequence of this many Grecian settlers from distant topographic points like Sicily and the north shore of the Black Sea came to Olympia during the Olympic festival. [ 34 ] Attending the festivals such as the Olympic Games was a immense benefit to Greek settlements as it meant they could remain in close contact with the mainland and set up connexions with other metropoliss and settlements whilst maintaining a safe distance off from the metropolis it originated from in order to keep its independency. Olympia besides acted as a impersonal land for neigh boring settlements who were at war with each other whilst supplying a beginning of military preparation when jocks competed in events such as the ‘hoplitodromos’ so they could support themselves against non-Greeks and other settlements. Western Greeks were slightly influential in the running of the Olympic Games which can be seen by the add-on of two new events in the early 5Thursdaycentury BC that were popular throughout Grecian settlements in the West. [ 35 ] This suggests dealingss between the settlements in the West and the Grecian mainland were good. For the dealingss between Greeks and non-Greeks Panhellenic festivals caused divisions. One of the narratives from Herodotus shows how Alexander’s rivals tried to take him from the race by claiming that he was non genuinely Grecian. [ 36 ] Another states the response of a Iranian when he is told of the â€Å"crown of olive† that athletes compete for in the Olympic Games and he was called a â€Å"coward† by a Grecian male monarch for it. [ 37 ] This dissentious facet of the Panhellenic Games can besides be seen by the usage of nakedness when viing in the competitions as it was considered absurd for high-level males in cultural groups such as the Persians or Lydians to look bare when practising athletics. [ 38 ] These illustrations show the contrasts between the Greeks manner of thought compared to the remainder of the universe and how this was implemented at the Panhellenic festivals. Ultimately the four Panhellenic festivals that formed the ‘periodos’ were designed in a manner that promoted Greek individuality and therefore dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points were frequently fostered through the shared faith and mythology of the sanctuaries where they were held every bit good as the shared athleticss that the competitions were comprised of. Nevertheless the jocks were ferociously competitory as they were the most esteemed competitions in the Greek universe which suggests tensenesss would hold developed in dealingss between non merely the jocks themselves but besides the city states they were stand foring. Armistices were established during each of the four festivals but this did non forestall war from happening outside of the affected parts. Furthermore it was the blue and the wealthy who chiefly competed in the extremely esteemed events such as chariot racing which would hold received the most honour for winning but with autoc rats presenting more events aimed at poorer persons there was the possibility that more dealingss were being fostered between Greeks from different degrees of society. Overall, the Panhellenic festivals did much to further dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points even if it was non the primary purpose sometimes. On the other manus festivals such as the Olympic Games showed a clear divide between the Greeks and the remainder of the universe and consequently dealingss between them would hold been less developed. A History of Greek Festivals Together these festivals made up the ‘periodos’ [ 1 ] which was extremely important in furthering the dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points and between Greeks and non-Greeks. The competition between those take parting and the city states they were stand foring is an illustration of how those Pan-hellenic dealingss were developing. Other countries are how the direction of each of the festivals and who really attended these ‘Panhellenic’ festivals. The honor and glorification gained by the masters in each of the four Games was so great that the lone stuff awards straight received from the organizers were Crowns of assorted workss sacred to the Gods that the festivals were dedicated to. [ 2 ] This led to the term ‘periodonikes’ being created which was given to the jocks that had won competitions at all four Games and were considered to be the greatest jocks for this accomplishment. [ 3 ] This could propose that the competition between the jocks would be so ferocious that tensenesss would be created in dealingss between persons in add-on to the city states that they were stand foring. On the other manus it is deserving observing that Olympic masters were non above the jurisprudence in their place province as can be shown in the narrative of Philippos of Croton who was exiled after he became betrothed to a adult female from Sybaris even though he had been winning at the Olympic Games. [ 4 ] The memorials that were bui lt by the city states shows the committedness they had to guaranting the remainder of the Greek universe could retrieve their triumphs for many old ages to come. Not merely were the memorials dedicated to athletic triumphs but the sanctuaries where the four Panhellenic Games were held besides contained memorials honoring military triumphs over other city states. [ 5 ] This suggests the metropoliss were non interested in whether their oppositions were offended and hence strains in the dealingss between them due to the struggles the memorials were mentioning to would go on. Shortly after the creative activity of the four Panhellenic festivals in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC Athens began reorganizing their Panathenaia festival in order for it to include athletic tourneies in add-on to the musical and ecstatic competitions that had been held at that place. [ 6 ] Consequently the Panathenaic festival became more important within the athletic universe yet it was ne’er regarded every bit extremely as the four Panhellenic festivals that made up the ‘periodos’ which can be seen through the usage of expensive stuff awards [ 7 ] as opposed to the Crown prizes masters took off at the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian and Nemean Games. This suggests the jocks would hold a focal point of winning the awards alternatively of the honor they received through their triumphs. Consequently, the city states they represented would hold had less of an involvement in whether they won if the glorification of triumph was less than that in ‘periodos’ t riumphs and therefore dealingss between different city states would hold been more likely to be unchanged. The lone city state to truly profit from the revitalised Panathenaic festival would hold been Athens as they had the chance to advance their metropolis to visitants from beyond Attica yet it has been suggested that the Panathenaia was ne’er supposed to be Panhellenic and was alternatively supposed to back Athenian national pride which is why dealingss between Greeks remained unchanged. [ 8 ] The last race to be added to the programme of events at the Olympic Games in approximately 520 BC was the ‘hoplitodromos’ which involved jocks running in full armor. This peculiar race besides featured in the other Panhellenic Games which suggests the importance of such a race. Pausanias suggests the race could hold been designed to advance military preparation as contending wars was common in the Archaic Period and the menace of struggle with Iranian forces was increasing. [ 9 ] This ‘military training’ could hold besides been a manner for the city states to expose their military art and hence derive farther glorification from a military facet in add-on to the athletic facet. However Philostratus suggests as it was the last race of the competition that it symbolised the return to a militant nature after the ‘peaceful’ armistices that were established for the continuance of each of the Panhellenic festivals. [ 10 ] The armistices referred to above were designed to advance peace amongst the city states of Greece as it prohibited ground forcess to come in the countries around the sanctuaries where the festivals were held and ensured the safe transition of those go toing the festivals. [ 11 ] However as it may hold ensured peaceable dealingss for city states such as Elis it did non forestall wars from taking topographic point outside of these parts. However holding a armistice in topographic point meant people from all over the Grecian universe and beyond could garner in one topographic point and set up peaceable dealingss with others every bit good as keep them. As minister plenipotentiaries were sent out from the city states where the festivals were held in the months taking up to each of the Games to denote the beginning of them this was a method of advancing the Games whilst at the same clip advertising the city-states themselves and networking with the remainder of Greece as representatives f rom each metropolis would be chosen to have the minister plenipotentiary. [ 12 ] Harmonizing to Pausanias Pisa originally had control over the metropolis of Olympia and hence would hold governed the Olympic Games. However their â€Å"hostility† towards the Eleians caused a war which saw Elis conquer Pisa and claim the site of Olympia as theirs. [ 13 ] This combat over the ‘Panhellenic’ sanctuaries suggests metropoliss would be prepared to pay a war if it resulted in them having the honor that must hold come with bring forthing the most esteemed Games in this period. The existent disposal of the Olympic Games by the city state of Elis was by and large considered to be without prejudice. [ 14 ] The Judgess were Eleian and chosen by Elis and as a consequence it did pull some unfavorable judgment from foreigners such as Herodotus who describes the narrative of when citizens of Elis visit Egypt to inquire them their sentiment on whether the Games were being administered reasonably to which they reply they are non because Eleians themselves could co me in the competitions and therefore they would non be judged reasonably against people from different topographic points. [ 15 ] This suggests Herodotus is belittling the unity of those judging the competitions who had even named themselves as ‘Hellanodikai’ which means ‘judges of the Greeks’ . [ 16 ] It is possible that many other Greeks had this position and so it would hold the possible to make tensenesss within dealingss between those pull offing the festival and the foreigners who were take parting in it. However they may be some truth to these positions as Thomas Heine Nielsen states that Elis was the most successful province to vie in the Olympics with the bulk of triumphs in the boy’s competitions and the equestrian events although you would anticipate more entrants from Elis into these tourneies as they were closest to the Olympic sanctuary. [ 17 ] The history of the locations of the four Panhellenic festivals was important in pulling Greeks from afar as the city states that were bring forthing these Games relied on the fabulous importance of the sites. In add-on to holding sanctuaries dedicated to a major God and world-renowned prophets in topographic points like Delphi these city states managed to utilize outstanding fabulous figures such as Heracles as a method of advancing their festivals. At Olympia Heracles was traditionally the laminitis of the Olympic Games and his undertaking of get the better ofing the Nemean king of beasts was used for the Nemean Games. In Delphi it was thought that there was a battle between him and Apollo over a tripod which surface in the early 6Thursdaycentury BC. [ 18 ] Furthermore, the Isthmian Games were held in honor of Poseidon and as a consequence the Equus caballus races were the most of import portion of the festival at that place. [ 19 ] This mixture of major Gods and heroes from mytholo gy ensured the success of the Panhellenic festivals in add-on to developing the construct of Panhellenism as people from across the Grecian universe would hold identified with these myths which suggests dealingss between them would hold improved. Relationss besides had the possible to be fostered through the construction of the Pythian Games as forfeits and banquets were the lone events on the first two yearss of the five-day festival. This gave rivals and witnesss alike the â€Å"opportunity to socialize and advance sentiments of harmoniousness and community.† [ 20 ] An confederation of city states known as the Amphictyonic League were responsible for puting up the Pythian Games and the readyings for them every four old ages after they had been winning in the First Sacred War. [ 21 ] This is an illustration of Greeks from different topographic points working together and their desire to prolong the dealingss created by their engagement in the war. Producing a festival would hold besides promoted peace and community values which is shown by the Pythian armistice established during each festival. A important historical figure associated with taking the reorganization of the Pythian Games after the First Sacred War was the tyrant Cleisthenes of Sicyon. McGregor besides believes that Cleisthenes of Sicyon was linked with the other Panhellenic festivals every bit good. The narrative of Cleisthenes and his daughter’s suers at Olympia maintains the thought that the Olympic Games were truly a universe phase for powerful leaders to acquire their vo ices heard. However Cleisthenes seemingly favoured the suers from Eretria and its Alliess as they were Ionians and he was traditionally thought to be anti-Dorian. [ 22 ] This suggests divisions amongst those viing could be formed as a consequence of cultural differences and that dealingss could go labored between Greeks from different topographic points as a effect. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the Nemean Games were established by the less dominant city state of Cleonae in concurrence with Argos in resistance to Cleisthenes of Sicyon after Cleonae had secured their freedom from Sicyon. [ 23 ] If this is true so it is farther grounds of the Panhellenic Games being used to do tenseness between city states. On the topic of who was really allowed to vie in the four Panhellenic Games it seemed to be originally sole to the nobility and the wealthy as the funerary games in honor of Patroclus in the Iliad show blue Greeks from many different topographic points compete in the chariot race which was the chief event. Chariot races were preponderantly for the wealthiest as Equus caballuss were expensive and hard to develop which meant they could expose their wealth whilst set uping dealingss with Greeks from different topographic points. [ 24 ] On the other manus this suggests that the poorest in society would non hold competed in the Panhellenic festivals such as the Isthmian Games where the equestrian events were considered to be the most esteemed and so if they did take part it would be in inferior events where they could non derive as much glorification. The suggestion that poorer persons would non vie in the major four Panhellenic festivals is evidenced by the point that they would non hold had the clip for athletic preparation [ 25 ] or to go to the four sanctuaries where each of the four Games were held if they lived a long distance off. Furthermore there were local festivals and games they could hold competed in which would hold been much more practical [ 26 ] but if this was the instance for most Greeks so at that place would hold been less of a fosterage of dealingss between people from different topographic points if they were merely interacting with others from the same community. However by the 6Thursdaycentury BC other events were added to the Panhellenic Games which meant the poorer in society could take part [ 27 ] as they were athleticss that were practiced throughout the whole of the Grecian universe. [ 28 ] This implies that the festivals became more Pan-hellenic as more people from different topographic points would be more likely to come in the competitions. Bury suggests that autocrats were the cause for this alteration as they wanted to defend the common people in order to win their support. [ 29 ] However if this ground is true so Panhellenism would merely be a side-effect of the autocrats desiring to derive more power and keep their reign. In add-on to this the autocrats could besides be a beginning of tenseness within dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points as is shown from the illustration of Cleisthenes of Sicyon trying to put up his ain Pythian Games in Sicyon after the autumn of dictatorship in Corinth meant they had more i nfluence in Delphi. [ 30 ] Relations between Corinth and Elis were besides strained in this period because of Olympia’s refusal to wipe out the names of the Cypselidae from some offerings which resulted in no Eleians being allowed to vie in the Isthmian Games and hence they were non able to derive the extremely esteemed ‘periodonikes’ rubric that athletes longed for. This is an illustration of a city-state utilizing its authorization over one of the Panhellenic festivals to demo their resistance to another city state which would hold had a well negative consequence on dealingss. In contrast Pausanias suggests that it was the â€Å"curses of Moline† that kept the Eleians off from the Isthmian Games. [ 31 ] Officially all free Grecian males were permitted to vie in the Olympic Games but this meant â€Å"females, non-Greeks and slaves were excluded from direct participation.† [ 32 ] However the Judgess make up one’s minding who could come in the competitions must hold been moderately flexible with the regulations as there is no record of person being refused entry on the evidences of their cultural individuality. [ 33 ] As a consequence of this many Grecian settlers from distant topographic points like Sicily and the north shore of the Black Sea came to Olympia during the Olympic festival. [ 34 ] Attending the festivals such as the Olympic Games was a immense benefit to Greek settlements as it meant they could remain in close contact with the mainland and set up connexions with other metropoliss and settlements whilst maintaining a safe distance off from the metropolis it originated from in order to keep its independency. Olympia besides acted as a impersonal land for neigh boring settlements who were at war with each other whilst supplying a beginning of military preparation when jocks competed in events such as the ‘hoplitodromos’ so they could support themselves against non-Greeks and other settlements. Western Greeks were slightly influential in the running of the Olympic Games which can be seen by the add-on of two new events in the early 5Thursdaycentury BC that were popular throughout Grecian settlements in the West. [ 35 ] This suggests dealingss between the settlements in the West and the Grecian mainland were good. For the dealingss between Greeks and non-Greeks Panhellenic festivals caused divisions. One of the narratives from Herodotus shows how Alexander’s rivals tried to take him from the race by claiming that he was non genuinely Grecian. [ 36 ] Another states the response of a Iranian when he is told of the â€Å"crown of olive† that athletes compete for in the Olympic Games and he was called a â€Å"coward† by a Grecian male monarch for it. [ 37 ] This dissentious facet of the Panhellenic Games can besides be seen by the usage of nakedness when viing in the competitions as it was considered absurd for high-level males in cultural groups such as the Persians or Lydians to look bare when practising athletics. [ 38 ] These illustrations show the contrasts between the Greeks manner of thought compared to the remainder of the universe and how this was implemented at the Panhellenic festivals. Ultimately the four Panhellenic festivals that formed the ‘periodos’ were designed in a manner that promoted Greek individuality and therefore dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points were frequently fostered through the shared faith and mythology of the sanctuaries where they were held every bit good as the shared athleticss that the competitions were comprised of. Nevertheless the jocks were ferociously competitory as they were the most esteemed competitions in the Greek universe which suggests tensenesss would hold developed in dealingss between non merely the jocks themselves but besides the city states they were stand foring. Armistices were established during each of the four festivals but this did non forestall war from happening outside of the affected parts. Furthermore it was the blue and the wealthy who chiefly competed in the extremely esteemed events such as chariot racing which would hold received the most honour for winning but with autoc rats presenting more events aimed at poorer persons there was the possibility that more dealingss were being fostered between Greeks from different degrees of society. Overall, the Panhellenic festivals did much to further dealingss between Greeks from different topographic points even if it was non the primary purpose sometimes. On the other manus festivals such as the Olympic Games showed a clear divide between the Greeks and the remainder of the universe and consequently dealingss between them would hold been less developed.

Entamoeba histolytica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entamoeba histolytica - Essay Example The Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan responsible for a disease called amoebiasis1. It mainly occurs in the large intestines and causes inflammation as its name suggests. The number of infections worldwide as a result of the parasite can be approximated at 35-50 million people, majority of whom are in developing countries where there is a problem of poor sanitation2. Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic parasite that occurs within the intestines and is the sole causative agent of amoebiasis, lack of proper hygiene can be ascribed as be one of the foremost causes of infection by the pathogen. The Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic protozoan that causes an infection in the digestive system of mainly humans and other primates2. It is estimated that the parasite has infected approximately 50 million people in the world over and it has had a major role in the morbidity and mortality especially in the developing countries. In addition, animals close to the home such as dogs and cats may also be infected regularly but are not believed to contribute to the transmission of the pathogen3. However, though there are numerous species of protozoa in the genus Entamoeba, not all of them are disease causing organisms. The Entamoeba histolytica is known to cause what is commonly referred to as amebiasis in humans which can either cause internal infections in the intestines or external ones2, 3. Even though some members of the Entamoeba genus are not associated with disease, they are important since they often may be confused with Entamoeba histolytica in diagnostics. Though it has a rather well distribution of incidence worldwide, there is higher incidence of amebiasis in developing countries. Medically speaking, in order for one to get infected by the protozoa, they ought to have ingested mature cysts that may be present in

Multinational running and risks management of Domino Print Plc 01272 Essay

Multinational running and risks management of Domino Print Plc 01272 - Essay Example Domino Printing owns seven distinct business units or subsidiaries which are, Graph-Tech, Citronix, Domino UK, PostJet Systems, Mectec Elektronik, Wiedenbach Apparatebau and Purex International (Marketline, 2014). The commercial printing industry has recorded a valuation of $383.2 billion, which is a 2.1% growth in the year 2011. The market has been forecasted to perform well in the coming five years (Marketline, 2014a). As of the fiscal year 2013, the company has earned revenue of $524.2 million, which is a 7.6% increase over the previous year. The operating profit of 2013 is $27.1 million which is a 66% decrease from 2012 (Morningstar, 2015). This paper is focused on the financial structure and activities of Domino Printing Sciences plc, along with the involved political and exchange rate risk in overseas transaction. The above table indicates that the revenue of Domino Printing has increased steadily over the past five years. This suggests that the company has successfully been able to make increased cash generation in the recent years. The gross profit has also increased over the years in a steady manner. The consistent increase of revenue and gross profit suggests that the company has been performing well over the years. However, according to the graph it can be stated that the company’s net income decreased severely in the year 2013 as it took a deep plunge from  £41 million in 2011 to  £6 million in 2012. It has managed to increase the net income in the next year to  £45 million. Thus it can be stated that Domino Printing Sciences has been successfully restores its loss making and rejuvenated its profitability. Domino Printing was established in 1978 and got listed in the LSE (London Stock Exchange) in 1985. Ever since the inception of the company it has expanded exponentially by making several corporate and financial activities. Domino printing sciences has bought 5,331,451 shares of Montaro,

Teenage Themes in The Wave - Morton Rhue Essay -- essays research pape

The Wave by Morton Rhue (Todd Strasser) is a novel from a student’s perspective, as an authoritarian right wing movement called â€Å"The Wave† changes her school. Ben Ross, one of the teachers in the school, created it to try to show his class the reasons for the inexplicable behavior of the Germans when the Nazi movement spread through Germany. Laurie, one of the students, finds out how she is alienated from her classmates when she does not accept their values of conformity through unity. Thus, it demonstrates how easily people can be swept up by a movement not only in Nazi Germany, but also in the modern day classroom, where students are learning about the evil influence of the Nazi movement in World War II. This can be applied to teenagers, as it is a period of their lives where they are easily influenced, and in the book, relevant themes to teens such as bullying, alienation and peer pressure are conveyed. Bullying is the act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something. As the Wave spread rapidly through the school, those who refused to participate or join as a member were bullied into doing so. Such was the case according to the article submitted to Laurie â€Å"Join the Wave— or else† where a boy was warned â€Å"he’d (I’d) lose all his (my) friends if he (I) didn’t join† by a senior boy. This is clearly an intimidation tactic to make the boy join, and hence you could class it as bullying. Another case of bullying happened when David tried to intimidate Laurie to discontinue producing the magazine that condemns the Wave movement by showing the bad parts to it. He â€Å"held her arm† and when she â€Å"struggled harder to get out of his grasp†, he â€Å"threw her down on the grass.† Immediately after, he realized he had hurt his friend, ... ... instead of following the majority. The issue of peer pressure can relate to teens, as they are in constant pressure to be ‘cool’ or to be in the ‘in’ group. It does not really promote individualism, so people cannot develop their own ideas but rather follow the leader of their group. Overall, the themes of bullying, alienation and peer pressure that are shown in The Wave reflect the negative aspects of the lives of teens. It focuses on how they affect people, in general, by showing the consequences for all the scenarios (e.g. someone being bullied). This is done whilst revealing the important history lesson from the Nazi movement as well as from the school –- you have to be vigilant because it can happen to anyone. Even though the students were taught of the evil the Nazi party was committing, they did not think that they would do the same, although they were.

Teaching pronounciation

Teaching Pronunciation Pronunciation involves far more than individual sounds. Word stress, sentence stress, intonation, and word linking all influence the sound of spoken English, not to mention the way we often slur words and phrases together in casual speech. What are you going to do? ‘ becomes Whaddaya gonna do? English pronunciation involves too many complexities for learners to strive for a complete elimination of accent, but improving pronunciation will boost self esteem, facilitate communication, and possibly lead to a better Job or a least more respect in the workplace.Effective communication is of greatest importance, so choose first to work on problems that significantly hinder communication and let the rest go. Remember that your students also need to learn strategies for dealing with misunderstandings, since native pronunciation is for most an unrealistic goal. A student's first language often interferes with English pronunciation. For example, [p/ is aspirated in English but not in Spanish, so when a Spanish speaker pronounces ‘pig' without a puff of air on the / p', an American may hear ‘big' instead.Sometimes the students will be able to dentify specific problem sounds and sometimes they won't. You can ask them for suggestions, but you will also need to observe them over time and make note of problem sounds. Another challenge resulting from differences in the first language is the inability to hear certain English sounds that the native language does not contain. Often these are vowels, as in ‘ship' and ‘sheep,' which many learners cannot distinguish. The Japanese are known for confusing [r/ and Ill, as their language contains neither of these but instead has one sound somewhere between the two.For problems such as these, listening is crucial because students cant produce a sound they can't hear. Descriptions of the sound and mouth position can help students increase their awareness of subtle sound differences. Here are some ideas for focusing on specific pronunciation features. Voicing Voiced sounds will make the throat vibrate. For example, [g/ is a voiced sound while / k/ is not, even though the mouth is in the same position for both sounds. Have your students touch their throats while pronouncing voiced and voiceless sounds. They hould feel vibration with the voiced sounds only.Aspiration Aspiration refers to a puff of air when a sound is produced. Many languages have far fewer aspirated sounds than English, and students may have trouble hearing the aspiration. The English /p/, m, /k/, and /ch/ are some of the more commonly aspirated sounds. Although these are not always aspirated, at the beginning of a word they usually are. To illustrate aspiration, have your students hold up a piece of facial tissue a few inches away from their mouths and push it with a puff of air while ronouncing a word containing the target sound.Mouth Position Draw simple diagrams of tongue and lip positions. Make s ure all students can clearly see your mouth while you model sounds. Have students use a mirror to see their mouth, lips, and tongue while they imitate you. Intonation Word or sentence intonation can be mimicked with a kazoo, or alternatively by humming. This will take the students' attention off of the meaning of a word or sentence and help them tocus on the intonation. Linking We pronounce phrases and even whole sentences as one smooth sound instead of a eries of separate words. ‘Will Amy go away,' is rendered ‘Willaymeegowaway. To help learners link words, try starting at the end of a sentence and have them repeat a phrase, adding more of the sentence as they can master it. For example, ‘gowaway,' then ‘aymeegowaway,' and finally ‘Willaymeegowaway' without any pauses between words. Vowel Length You can demonstrate varying vowel lengths within a word by stretching rubber bands on the longer vowels and letting them contract on shorter ones. Then let the students try it. For example, the word ‘fifteen' would have the rubber band stretched or the lee' vowel, but the word ‘fifty' would not have the band stretched because both of its vowels are spoken quickly.Syllables Have students count syllables in a word and hold up the correct number of fingers, or place objects on table to represent each syllable. Illustrate syllable stress by clapping softly and loudly corresponding to the syllables of a word. For example, the word ‘beautiful' would be loud-soft-soft. Practice with short lists of words with the same syllabic stress pattern (‘beautiful,' ‘telephone,' ‘Florida') and then see if your learners an list other words with that pattern.

Our Waste Of The Free And The Home At The Brave Where We...

Oh America, the land of the free and the home of the brave where we’re run by big time corporations and the individual voice isn’t listened to. Environmental problems worldwide have been an ever growing problem based on our ignorant attitudes towards hazardous waste and an increase of CO2 being released by big time corporations. There are only so many things the public can do to change the spatial limitations of environmental destruction, yet governments care less about the environment and more about the money they make from destroying the environment. Humans are essentially the parasites of this world. In the movie â€Å"In Our Water†, Frank Kaler emphasizes his concern for the water pollution in South Brunswick and how getting help from local, county, state, and federal governments is like asking if Rutgers can give you free tuition for being an ordinary student. Frank Kaler’s emphasis on â€Å"making it more expensive to pollute than not to polluteâ₠¬  is a very strong solution to maintain the environment, yet to do this would be extremely hard from a political point of view because the public would have to pay more for electricity and other utilities. When Frank Kaler went to different levels of government in seek of help, he was told that they didn’t know what the problem was and told him to go ask someone else (run around strategy), which is what happens a lot to environmentalists seeking answers from the government. Frank Kaler states that we need to make it more expensive to